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The Indian way is exactly the opposite. India affirms that what we are going to investigate is always
there. It does not take shape as a result of our inquiry, but is already present even before our
investigation begins. The truth which will become manifest was there before we were in existence.
It was there before we discovered it just as much as it is there once we have done so. Truth is not
formed or constructed through our research; what research does is to bring it within the realm of our
experience. Truth is ever-present. That is why the Indian way of reasoning declares the conclusion
in the beginning, and afterwards discusses method and procedure; first conclusion, then method.
The Western way puts method first, then investigation, and finally conclusion.
One important point should be kept in mind: the Western method is very appropriate for those who
look for truth by thinking about it. This method of reasoning is like trying to find something on a dark
night with the help of a small lamp. The night is pitch black, and the light sheds its light dimly over
three or four feet of ground. Only a small patch is visible, most remains unseen; and conclusions
arrived at about that which is seen will be tentative. After a while, as one proceeds with the lamp, a
little more becomes visible, and it is needed to revise or change the conclusion. As one progresses
further and further, new things continuously become visible and so the conclusion is altered again
and again.
Following as it does the Greek school of logic, Western science can never reach a final conclusion.
All its conclusions are therefore tentative, temporary, and based on the knowledge acquired up to
the present time. If something new is discovered tomorrow, there will be a change in the conclusion.
That is why no truth arrived at by the West is absolute. It is not total. All its truths and conclusions
are imperfect. But truth can never be imperfect or incomplete, and whatever is imperfect will be
untruth. The conclusion we are required to alter tomorrow is in reality not the truth even today! It
simply appears to be the truth. That alone can be truth which we never need to change. So the
conclusions which are declared as truths by the West are really untruths based on the knowledge
acquired so far and needing alteration according to the knowledge obtained tomorrow.